舰船结构塑性动力响应研究进展

从舰船结构塑性动力响应的工程背景出发,简要介绍了该问题当前的研究进展．主要评述了国内外学者所关注的一些基本问题和研究方法,主要包括解析法、近似法、数值法等,以及冲击载荷作用下梁、板、板架、壳体等结构塑性动力响应的研究进展．     

Damage modeling of ballistic penetration and impact behavior of concrete panel under low and high velocities

This work presents a numerical simulation of ballistic penetration and high velocity impact behavior of plain and reinforced concrete panels. This paper is divided into two parts. The first part consists of numerical modeling of reinforced concrete panel penetrated with a spherical projectile using concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model, while the second part focuses on the comparison of CDP model and Johnson-Holmquist-2 (JH-2) damage model and their ability to describe the behavior of concrete panel under impact loads. The first and second concrete panels have dimensions of 1500 mm × 1500 mm × 150 mm and 675 mm × 675 mm × 200 mm, respectively, and are meshed using 8-node hexahedron solid elements. The impact object used in the first part is a spherical projectile of 150 mm diameter, while in the second part steel projectile of a length of 152 mm is modeled as rigid element. Failure and scabbing characteristics are studied in the first part. In the second part, the com-parison results are presented as damage contours, kinetic energy of projectile and internal energy of the concrete. The results revealed a severe fracture of the panel and high kinetic energy of the projectile using CDP model comparing to the JH-2 model. In addition, the internal energy of concrete using CDP model was found to be less comparing to the JH-2 model.     

基于CREAM的后方仓库叉车装卸运输弹药HRA评估

针对我军后方仓库弹药装卸运输环节对人员叉车操作的安全性需求,设计出了叉车操作测试场地路线,归纳总结了人员操作叉车进行弹药装卸运输环节中的安全失效形式及失效原因,构建了HRA评估数学模型．选取我军某后方仓库搬运机械建制班人员为对象,进行了实地测试,得到了弹药装卸运输环节的人为失误概率．测试结果表明,基于CREAM方法能够较好地解决后方仓库弹药装卸运输环节人为失误概率的量化问题．     

基于ADAMS的某重机枪复杂载荷施加方法研究

以某重机枪虚拟样机动力学模型的枪膛合力与气室压力的施加为例,设置一个与位移相关的传感器(Sensor)来实现通过位移控制外力施加的时机,并通过一个附加因子成功解决了以复进开始时为初始状态的自动机运动过程中的载荷施加。同时对该机枪三连发和四连发情况进行了仿真与分析,证明该方法可行有效。     

局部火灾场钢框架结构等效楼面活荷载分析

通过对火灾场钢结构框架梁极限抗弯、抗剪承载力的分析,提出采用等效楼面活荷载来描述火灾场对结构极限承载力的削弱,建立了火灾场等效楼面活荷载的计算公式,通过具体算例分析了厚涂型不同保护层厚度的框架钢梁极限抗弯、抗剪承载力及等效楼面活荷载的变化规律。分析结果表明,采用等效楼面活荷载可以直观地描述火灾场对结构构件极限承载能力的削弱,使火灾场钢结构受力分析变得简单、清晰。     

动态滑翔动力学建模与风梯度能量获取*(专题约稿)

信天翁等鸟类能够不拍打翅膀而持续飞行很长的时间和距离,因为梯度风场的存在使得它们能从中获取能量,这项技术被称之为动态滑翔。临近空间也广泛存在梯度风场,如果临近空间长航时飞行器能够利用动态滑翔技术将是十分有前途的。本文首先对无动力飞机的动态滑翔问题做了假设来简化问题的描述,更便于数学操作。在这些假设下建立了无动力飞机动态滑翔的动力学模型,即三维速度空间中只有一个输入变量的常微分方程组。之后,从理论上得到了这个三维速度空间中机械能可以增加的最大范围,即能增纺锤体内部,并推导出最大的机械能增加率。最后,得出更大的风梯度、更小的阻力系数和更小的面质比更加有利于飞机获取能量的结论,该结论加深了对动态滑翔能量观点的认识,对实践有指导意义。     

超声速地空导弹热环境风洞模拟研究

根据国内风洞的情况,比较了超声速地空导弹的飞行条件与风洞模拟能力的差距,分析了热环境风洞实验中应采用的相似准则,以及实验数据的处理方法。     

强迫振动法大跨度桥梁节段模型气动导数辨识

研制了桥梁节段模型颤振导数测定的二维强迫振动实验装置,采用变频调速技术实现对振动频率的控制,模型惯性力、气动力的测量采用了特殊设计的测力元件,模型运动用压电式加速度计进行测量。实验时,模型分别作单自由度的竖弯或扭转的简谐运动,通过测量模型所受到的气动力及模型位移,应用谱分析方法和非线性曲线拟合算法实现了对八个颤振气动导数的辨识,并通过平板模型实验数据与Theodorsen理想平板数据及国外文献数据对比对实验装置及辨识算法进行了检验。     

Numerical investigation on free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation

In current guidelines, the free air blast loads (overpressure and impulse) are determined by spherical charges, although most of ordnance devices are more nearly cylindrical than spherical in geometry. This may result in a great underestimation of blast loads in the near field and lead to an unsafe design. However, there is still a lack of systematic quantitative analysis of the blast loads generated from cylindrical charges. In this study, a numerical model is developed by using the hydrocode AUTODYN to investigate the influences of aspect ratio and orientation on the free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges. This is done by examining the pressure contours, the peak overpressures and impulses for various aspect ratios ranged from 1 to 8 and arbitrary orientation monitored along every azimuth angle with an interval of 5°. To characterize the distribution patterns of blast loads, three regions, i.e., the axial region, the vertex region and the radial region are identified, and the propagation of blast waves in each region is analyzed in detail. The complexity of blast loads of cylindrical charges is found to result from the bridge wave and its interaction with primary waves. Several empirical formulas are presented based on curve-fitting the numerical data, including the orientation where the maximum peak overpressure emerges, the critical scaled distance beyond which the charge shape effect could be neglected and blast loads with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation, all of which are useful for blast-resistant design.     

横风中双层客车车辆的风荷载研究

数值模拟了在横向风的 ,不同来流攻角作用下 ,双层客车车辆单体、铁路 2 4米预应力T形简支梁桥单体、双层客车车辆 - 2 4米预应力T形简支梁桥组合体、以及在不同路堤高度上双层客车车辆的气动三分力系数。研究表明 ,双层客车车辆在桥梁、路堤上所受风荷载均比双层客车车辆单独存在时明显增大 ,因而在计算双层客车车辆所受横向风荷载时 ,应重视桥梁、路堤对此产生的影响